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當量的IBX (o-iodoxybenzoic acid,鄰碘酰基苯甲酸) 氧化醛酮制備α,β-不飽和醛酮的反應,被稱為Nicolaou IBX 脫氫反應。此反應最早由著名化學家Nicolaou, K. C.在2000年報道。另外與此反應相似的還有(鈀催化)。烯醇硅醚也可以作為此反應的底物,進行脫氫反應。
由于IBX有一定的酸性,在反應中加入催化量的酸(如,TsOH)可以加速反應。加入吡啶之類的堿可以降低反應速率,加入堿可以使對酸不穩定的羰基化合物和醇類底物能夠順利脫氫。此反應條件下可以將胺氧化為腈。
反應機理
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反應實例
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2-Cyclooctenone (2). To a solution of cyclooctanol 1 (1 mmol) in fluorobenzene:DMSO (2:1, 0.1 M) was added 2.2 equiv of IBX and the solution was heated to 55–65 ℃ (or to 85 ℃ with 4 equiv IBX for synthesis of 3). The reaction was monitored by TLC. Dilution with Et2O and usual workup followed by flash chromatography afforded 2-cyclooctenone 2 in 77% yield.
【J. Am. Chem. Soc.,2000, 122, 7596】
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【J. Am. Chem. Soc.2000, 122, 7596–7597.】
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【J. Chem. Soc., Perkin Trans. 12002, 755–767】
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【Org. Lett.2002, 4, 3339–3342】
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【Org. Lett.2008, 10, 5211–5214】
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【J. Am. Chem. Soc.2013, 135, 11232–11238】
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A magnetically stirred solution of the crude oil from step ii in toluene/DMSO (60 mL of a 2:1 v/v mixture) was treated with pTsOH·H2O (0.57 g, 3 mmol) and IBX (4.20 g, 15 mmol) then heated at 55 °C for 16 h. The resulting solution was cooled to room temperature and treated with diethyl ether (150 mL) followed by NaHCO3 (100 mL of a saturated aqueous solution). The ensuing mixture was filtered through diatomaceous earth, and the solids thus retained were washed with diethyl ether (3 × 20 mL). The aqueous phase was separated from the combined filtrates and then extracted with ethyl acetate (3 × 50 mL). The combined organic phases were washed with brine (1 × 50 mL) before being dried (MgSO4), filtered, and concentrated under reduced pressure. The residue was purified by column chromatography (SiO2, ethyl acetate/cyclohexane gradient) yielding methyl 2-(5-oxocyclohex-3-en-1-yl)acetate (2p) as colorless oil in 38% yield (0.64 g).
【Angew. Chem. Int. Ed.2019, 58, 6435-6439】
相關文獻
1. (a) Nicolaou, K. C.; Zhong, Y.-L.; Baran, P. S. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 2000, 122, 7596–7597. (b) Nicolaou, K. C.; Montagnon, T.; Baran, P. S. Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. 2002, 41, 993–996. (c) Nicolaou, K. C.; Gray, D. L.; Montagnon, T.; Harrison, S. T. Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. 2002, 41, 996–1000.
2. Nagata, H.; Miyazawa, N.; Ogasawara, K. Org. Lett. 2001, 3, 1737 -1740.
3. Ohmori, N. J. Chem. Soc., Perkin Trans. 1 2002, 755–767.
4. Hayashi, Y.; Yamaguchi, J.; Shoji, M. Tetrahedron 2002, 58, 9839–9846.
5. Shimokawa, J.; Shirai, K.; Tanatani, A.; Hashimoto, Y.; Nagasawa, K. Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. 2004, 43, 1559–1562.
6. Smith, N. D.; Hayashida. J.; Rawal, V. H. Org. Lett. 2005, 7, 4309–4312.
7. Liu, X.; Deschamp, J. R.; Cook, J. M. Org. Lett. 2002, 4, 3339–3342.
8. Herzon, S. B.; Myers, A. G. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 2005, 127, 5342–5344.
9. Moorthy, J. N.; Singhal, N.; Senapati, K. Tetrahedron Lett. 2008, 49, 80–84.
10. Pouységu, L.; Marguerit, M.; Gagnepain, J.; Lyvinec, G.; Eatherton, A. J.; Quideau, S. Org. Lett. 2008, 10, 5211–5214.
11. Raghavan, S.; Babu, Vaddela S. Tetrahedron 2011, 67, 2044-2050.
K. C. Nicolaou教授是當今世界天然產物全合成的領軍人物,現代有機合成界的一代宗師。合成了許多復雜的明星分子,出版了許多經典論文和書籍,并且培養了非常多的優秀化學家弟子,他領導團隊開發了化學方法、全合成的復雜化合物豐富了化學科學,像一座燈塔,給后來的化學工作者指引前進的道路。
K. C. Nicolaou教授曾經獲得了非常多的化學領域獎項,如,2016年沃爾夫化學獎(Wolf Prize in Chemistry)、2005年阿瑟?C?科普獎(Arthur C. Cope Award)、2002年四面體獎(Tetrahedron Prize)、美國化學會獎(ACS Award)等等。
參考資料
Name Reactions (A Collection of Detailed Reaction Mechanisms), Jie Jack Li, Nicolaou dehydrogenation,page 438-439.
相關反應
IBX的唯一可溶溶劑為DMSO, 濃度最大可以達到0.5M,它可以在伯胺存在下氧化醇。其具有以下特點:一、具有爆炸性,但與苯甲酸和間苯二甲酸混合后可以降低爆炸性,如SIBX就是49%的IBX,22%的苯甲酸和29%的間苯二甲酸的混合物;三、IBX可以在乙酸乙酯和DCE中反應,將IBX溶于上述兩種溶劑中在較高溫度下過濾,可以在空氣中或潮濕環境下反應;四、在酚和胺存在下產率會很低,叔胺沒有影響,在酸性條件下伯胺和仲胺也不會影響產率;五、TMS,THP, PMB和硫化物在IBX氧化中是穩定的。
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利用三乙酰氧基高碘烷將醇氧化為相應的羰基化合物的反應。Dess–Martin高碘烷,1,1,1-三乙酰氧基-1,1-二氫-1,2-苯碘酰-3(1H)-酮,是一種非常高效的氧化劑,可以將伯醇和仲醇分別氧化為醛酮。
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