梅雨季來了,南方的朋友們大概在面臨一個無比痛苦的事情:連續幾天甚至幾個星期都看不見太陽,洗完的衣服只能陰干。
陰干的衣服,不僅潮乎乎地穿著難受,更無奈的是,總是有一股像是發霉的臭味。
![]()
為什么陰干的衣服那么臭?怎么做才能除掉這種臭味呢?今天就來詳細說說。
The rainy season has arrived, and for those in southern China, that means days or even weeks without sun. Laundry has to be dried indoors. But clothes dried this way often feel uncomfortable and develop a stubborn musty smell. Why?
陰干的衣服為什么會發臭
衣服長期處在潮濕狀態下,就給真菌、細菌等微生物提供了生存和快速繁殖的基礎。
這時只要有一點“養料”,比如殘留在衣服上的皮脂皮屑,真菌、細菌等微生物就能大量繁殖,從而產生臭味。
When clothes stay damp for too long, they become a breeding ground for fungi and bacteria. Add a little "food" — like leftover skin oils and dead skin cells on the fabric — and these microbes multiply quickly, producing that unpleasant odor.
很多人可能會疑問:衣服已經洗過了,怎么還會有皮脂皮屑,難道是沒洗干凈嗎?
![]()
是的,我們每次洗衣服,即便已經認真浸泡清洗了,即便洗滌了很長時間,用了清潔能力很好的洗衣液,依然不可能完全去除衣服上的殘留物,包括皮脂和微生物。
No matter how carefully you wash — even with long soaks and strong detergents — you can never completely remove all residues, including sebum and microbes.
有研究發現,各種微生物在紡織品表面和縫隙等環境中粘附、生長和分泌細胞外基質,形成生物膜。定期清洗雖然能保持衛生,卻不能去除已經形成生物膜的微生物。
Studies show that microbes can adhere to fabric surfaces and crevices, grow, and secrete extracellular matrices to form biofilms. Regular washing helps with hygiene, but it doesn't remove microbes that have already built these biofilms.
而且看起來再光滑平整的紡織品,放大幾百倍后,都是由一定數量的纖維按照一定的織造工藝而組成的。越是紋理粗糙且扭曲的纖維,越容易藏污納垢,越容易洗不干凈,越容易有微生物和皮脂殘留。
Even the smoothest-looking fabric, when magnified, is made of fibers woven together. The rougher and more twisted the fibers, the harder they are to clean — and the more likely they are to retain microbes and sebum.
![]()
不同纖維的掃描電子顯微鏡顯微照片,依次為:粗羊毛、細羊毛、絲綢、亞麻、棉花、聚酯纖維。
從不同衣服材質放大的表面結構,我們就能明顯看出,天然纖維更不容易洗干凈,比如羊毛、絲綢、棉花。
另外,一般來說天然纖維的吸濕性比化學纖維高,在一定濕度下,天然纖維更容易給細菌提供一個合適的潮濕環境。即使是天然纖維,在平時干燥、有太陽的日子里,衣服洗完,只要及時晾干,即使稍微殘留一些微生物、皮脂也不會有什么影響。
Magnified images of different fabrics show that natural fibers like wool, silk, and cotton are harder to clean thoroughly. They also absorb more moisture than synthetic fibers, making them more likely to create a damp environment that bacteria love.
但在潮濕的環境下,情況就變得不一樣了。濕潤的環境 + 殘留的營養物“皮脂” + 適宜的溫度,簡直是各種細菌、真菌等微生物的樂園。它們吃喝不愁,大量繁殖,還產生不可言喻的“臭”氣。
The combination of moisture, sebum and warm temperatures becomes a paradise for microbes. They feast, metabolize, and produce that indescribable stench.
尤其是一種叫“奧斯陸莫拉菌”的細菌,和其他常見的細菌不同,它是一種好氧菌,并且具有較好的耐干燥、耐紫外特性。
![]()
如果能時不時見到陽光,像大腸桿菌、金黃色葡萄球菌這類細菌能被殺死,但奧斯陸莫拉菌卻依然能好好活著。等衣服好不容易終于陰干了,織物的濕度降低,大多數細菌和霉菌已經停止生長,但是奧斯陸莫拉菌仍然能夠活躍地蹦跶。
更無奈的是,這種細菌還能代謝出很多令人不悅的物質,尤其是其中的一些不飽和脂肪酸,更是臭味的主要來源。這也是陰干的衣服為什么會有難以名狀的臭味,并且久久難以散去。
Even worse, it metabolizes into several unpleasant compounds — particularly certain unsaturated fatty acids that are the main source of that musty smell. That's why the odor lingers and is so hard to get rid of.
兩種方法有效去除衣物臭味
如何能消除這種臭味呢?有兩種方法可靠且可行。
① 烘干
高溫烘干可以有效地殺滅細菌,也能一定程度上殺滅真菌,同時烘干還可以大幅縮短衣服變干的時間,能有效去除因微生物導致的臭味。
Use a dryer. High heat effectively kills bacteria and, to some extent, fungi. It also drastically reduces drying time, which helps eliminate microbial odors.
![]()
② 洗衣時使用長效抑菌劑
對洗衣服而言,殺菌固然重要,等到衣服洗完之后,抑制細菌在很長時間里難以繁殖更為重要。
常規的洗滌用品只具有去污漬的能力,往往需要另配殺菌劑進行消毒殺菌,但是并不能做到長期抑菌。
Use a long-acting antibacterial agent when washing. While killing bacteria is important, what matters even more is keeping them from multiplying again after the wash. Regular detergents remove dirt but don't provide lasting antibacterial protection.
應對衣服陰干的臭味,也可以找到專門的長效抑菌型洗滌劑,這樣即便衣服陰干,也不容易產生臭味。
To tackle the smell of indoor-dried clothes, look for detergents specifically designed with long-lasting antimicrobial properties.
來源 :新華社 科普中國
跟著China Daily
精讀英語新聞
“無痛”學英語,每天20分鐘就夠!
![]()
特別聲明:以上內容(如有圖片或視頻亦包括在內)為自媒體平臺“網易號”用戶上傳并發布,本平臺僅提供信息存儲服務。
Notice: The content above (including the pictures and videos if any) is uploaded and posted by a user of NetEase Hao, which is a social media platform and only provides information storage services.